children's voting colloquium

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Organizations working to eliminate all voting ages:
 

• Amnesty International UK, Children's Human Rights Network

• Association for Children’s Suffrage (ACS)

• Children's Rights International Network (CRIN)

• Children's Voice Association

• Freechild Institute for Youth & Social Change

• Foundation for the Rights of Future Generations (FRFG)

• KRÄTZÄ (die KinderRÄchTsZÄnker) - Wiki on KRÄTZÄ in English (original here in German)

• National Large Familes Association

• National Youth Rights Association (NYRA)

• Represent MA Children

• We Want the Vote 

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• (For resources on lowering the voting age to 16, see NYRA resources here and a 2022 literature review here)
   

Days to Commemorate:

 

• International Day of Democracy (15 September)

• World Children's Day (20 November)

• Human Rights Day (10 December)

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Legal Initiatives to Eliminate All Minimum Voting Ages (in reverse date order)

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• Penney-Crocker, et al. v. Attorney General in Right of Canada, December 2021. See full motion here.

• K.R.Ä.T.Z.Ä. suits for ageless voting in Germany, 1995, 1997, and 1999.
   

Academic publications (in alphabetical name order):

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Interdisciplinary

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• Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023). Featuring chapters by Michael Cummings, Nick Munn, John Wall, David Runciman, Anandini Dar, Jonathan Josefsson and Bengt Sandin, Luigi Campiglio and Lorenza Alexandra Lorenzetti, Cheryl Milne, and Neena Modi.

  • Link here for Table of Contents and "Chapter 1, Introduction."

  • Link here to open source Chapter 7, Bengt Sandin and Jonathan Josefsson, "The Reform that Never Happened: A History of Children's Suffrage Restrictions."

  • Wall, John, “Interview with John Wall about his edited collection, Exploring Children’s Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting,” The Childhood, Law & Policy Network (CLPN), Queen Mary University of London, 11 March 2023.

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Philosophy

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• Brando, Nico, "Is Child Disenfranchisement Justified?" Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy (2022), pp. 1-23.

• Cohen, Howard, "On the Exchange between Schrag and Cohen, 'The Child's Status in the Democratic State,' Political Theory, Vol. 6, No. 2 (May, 1978), pp. 249-251.

• Cohen, Howard, Equal Rights for Children (Rowman and Littlefield, 1980).

• Cook, Phillip, “Against a Minimum Voting Age,” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy (2013) 16.3.

• Daly, Aoife, "Free and Fair Elections for Some? The Potential for Voting Rights for Under-18s," in David Keane and Yvonne McDermott, eds., The Challenge of Human Rights: Past, Present, and Future (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012), 268-290.

• Folkes, Alex (2004). “The Case for Votes at 16.” Representation 41(1): 52–56.

• Hinze, Jakob (2020). Rejuvenating Democracy: Age, Knowledge, and the Right to Vote. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Philosophy, University of St. Andrews.

• Kiesewetter, Benjamin, "Dürfen wir Kindern das Wahlrecht vorenthalten?" Archiv für Rechts und Sozialphilosophie (2009), 95(2):252-273.

• Munn, Nick, "How Low Can You Go? The Capacity to Vote Among Young Citizens," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Munn, Nicholas John, “Capacity Testing the Youth: A Proposal for Broader Enfranchisement,” Journal of Youth Studies 15:8, 2012:1048-1062.

• Munn, Nicholas John, "Against the Political Exclusion of the Incapable," Journal of Applied Philosophy 35(3), 2018:601-616.

• Munn, Nick, "The Trap of Incrementalism in Recognising Children's Right to Vote," (see further link here) Nordic Journal of Human Rights 39.2 (2021): 113-127.

• Munn, Nick, "Political Inclusion as a Means of Generating Justice for Children," Ethics, Politics, and Society, 2020.

• Olsson, Stefan, “Children’s Suffrage: A Critique of the Importance of Voters’ Knowledge for the Well-Being of Democracy,” The International Journal of Children’s Rights 16 (2008):55-76.

• Parijs, Philippe van,"The Disenfranchisement of the Elderly, and Other Attempts to Secure Intergenerational Justice," Philosophy and Public Affairs (1999) vol. 27: 292-333.

• Peterson, Paul (1992), “An Immodest Proposal.” Daedalus Vol. 121 (4/1992), 151-174. (See also here).

• Umbers, Lachlan Montgomery, “Enfranchising the Youth,” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 2018:1-24.

• Wald, Patricia, “Making Sense Out of the Rights of Youth,” Human Rights (1974): 4.1:13-29.

• Wall, John, "The Case for Children's Voting," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Wall, John, "Introduction: Children's Suffrage Studies," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Wall, John, Give Children the Vote: On Democratizing Democracy (New York: Bloomsbury, 2021).

  • Review of this book by Manfred Liebel and Philip Meade, original German here, English translation here.

• Wall, John, “Why Children and Youth Should Have the Right to Vote: An Argument for Proxy-Claim Suffrage,” Children, Youth and Environments, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2014), pp. 108-123.

• Wall, John. "Democratizing Democracy: The Road from Women’s to Children’s Suffrage,” International Journal of Human Rights, Special Issue, edited by Sonja Grover (2014) 18.6: 646–659.

• Wall, John, “Can Democracy Represent Children? Toward a Politics of Difference,” Childhood: A Journal of Global Child Research 19.1 (February 2012), 19: 86-100.

• Wall, John and Anandini Dar, “Children’s Political Representation: The Right to Make a Difference,” International Journal of Children’s Rights 19.4 (December 2011), pp. 595-612.

• Wiland, Eric, "Should Children Have the Right to Vote?" The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy, Palgrave 2018.

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History

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• Barrusse, Verginie de Luca, "Les Femmes et les Enfants Aussie: Ou le droit d'être représenté par le vote familial," Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 2001/5 (n° 140), pages 51 à 56. Translated here into English: "Women and Children Too: Or the Right to be Represented by the Family Vote."

• Runciman, David, "The Enfranchisement of Women Versus the Enfranchisement of Children," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Runciman, David, “The Paradox of Political Representation," Journal of Political Philosophy 15, 1 (2007), pp. 93–114.

• Runciman, David, How Democracy Ends (London: Profile Books, 2018).

• Sandin, Bengt, and Jonathan Josefsson, "The Reform that Never Happened: A History of Children's Suffrage Restrictions," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

 

Political Science

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• Cummings, Michael, "Silence is Poison: Explaining and Curing Adult 'Apathy'," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Cummings, Michael, Children’s Voices in Politics (Peter Lang AG: 2020).

• Lau, Joanne, “Two Arguments for Child Enfranchisement," Political Studies, 2012.

• Lecce, Steven, “Should Democracy Grow Up? Children and Voting Rights,” Intergenerational Justice Review, 9.4 (2009), 133-139.

• Lindley, Paul, Raising the Nation: How to Build a Better Future for Our Children (and Everyone Else) (Policy Press, 2023).

• López-Guerra, Claudio, “Enfranchising Minors and the Mentally Impaired,” Social Theory & Practice, Jan. 2012, Vol. 38 Issue 1, pp. 115-138.

• López-Guerra, Claudio, Democracy and Disenfranchisement: The Morality of Electoral Exclusions, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).

• Pearse, Harry, "Children, Voting, and the Meaning of Universal Suffrage,"Political Studies Reciew, 2023 online first.
   

Social Sciences

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• Dar, Anandini, "De-Colonizing Children's Suffrage: Engagements with Dr B R Ambedkar's Ideas on Democracy," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).
• Demeny, Paul, "Pronatalist Policies in Low-Fertility Countries: Patterns, Performance and Prospects," Population and Development Review (1986), vol. 12 (supplement): 335-358.
• Farson, Richard, Birthrights: A Bill of Rights for Children (New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1974).

• Franklin, Bob, “Children’s political rights.” In: Bob Franklin, ed., The Rights of Children (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986), 24–53.

• Hinrichs, Karl, “Do the Old Exploit the Young? Is Enfranchising Children a Good Idea?” Arch Europ Sociol XLIII.1 (2002):35-58.

• Holt, John, Escape from Childhood (New York: Penguin, 1975).
• Hyde, Martin, Democracy Education and the Canadian Voting Age. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Educational Studies, University of British Colombia, 2001.
• Kamijo, Yoshio, et al, “Voting on Behalf of a Future Generation: A Laboratory Experiment,” Sustainability 2019, 11.
• Liebel, Manfred, "Adultism, Children's Political Participation and Voting Rights." In Liebel, Marnfred, Childhoods of the Global South (University of Bristol, 2023).

• Priest, Maura, "Why Children Should Be Allowed to Vote," Public Affairs Quarterly (2016) 30(3):215-238.

• Tremmel, Jörg and Wilhelm, James, "Democracy or Epistocracy? Age as a Criterion of Voter Eligibility." In: Tremmel, Jörg, ed., Youth Quotas and Other Efficient Forms of Youth Participation in Ageing Societies (Cham: Springer, 2015), pp. 125–147.

• Vaithianathan, R., R. Aoki and Erwan Sbai, “Support for Franchise Extension for Children: Evidence on Japanese Attitude to Demeny Voting,” CIS DP No. 610, 2013.
   

Economics

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• Luigi Bonatti and Lorenza Alexandra Lorenzetti,"Long-Term Economic Implications of Demeny Voting: A Theoretical Analysis,"CESifo Working Papers, No. 10039, October 2022.

• Bertocci, Graziella, Arcangelo Dimico, Francesco Lancia, and Alessia Russo, "Youth Enfranchisement, Political Responsiveness, and Education Expenditure: Evidence from the US." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2020, 12(3): 76–106.

• Campiglio, Luigi, and Lorenza Alexandra Lorenzetti, "Generational Economics," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Campiglio, Luigi, “Children’s Right to Vote: The Missing Link in Modern Democracies.” Sociological Studies of Children and Youth, 2009, Vol. 12, 221-247, p. 222.

• Campiglio, Luigi, "Political Participation, Voting, and Economic Policy: Three Problems of Modern Democracies." In Albert Breton, et al., eds., Understanding Democracy: Economic and Political Perspectives (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

• Campiglio, Luigi, First, the Women and Children: Why it is Indispensable to Give Political Weight to the Under-Age Ones (Il Mulino, Bologna 2005).

• Goldschmidt, Nils, Stephan Wolf, and Thomas Ernst Petersen, "Votes on Behalf of Children: A Legitimate Way of Giving Them a Voice in Politics," Constitutional Political Economy (2015) 26(3).

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Law
 

• Bennett, R. W., "Should Parents Be Given Extra Votes on Account of Their Children: Toward a Conversational Understanding of American Democracy," 94 Nw. U. L. Rev. 503, 1999-2000.

• Binford, Warren, "Instituting Children's Full Political Political Participation and Representation in the 21st Century United States," The Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Brando, Nico and Laura Lundy, "Discrimination and Children’s Right to Freedom of Association and Assembly," The Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Douglas, Joshua, “In Defense of Lowering t he Voting Age,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 165 (2017), 63-72.

• Erenc, Olga, "Voting Rights for Future: Lowering the voting age from a children’s rights perspective," Völkerrechtsblog, 11 March 2020.

• Erenc, Olga, Lowering the Voting Age from Children's Rights Perspective, LLM Masters Thesis in International Laws, Universiteit Leiden, 2018.

• Federle, Katherine Hunt, "Why Can't Older Kids Vote?" Election Law @ Moritz, September 7, 2004.

• Godwin, Samantha, “Children’s Oppression, Rights, and Liberation,” Interdisciplinary Law Review (2011) 247.

• Goodin, Robert and Joanne Lau, “Enfranchising Incompetents: Suretyship and the Joint Authorship of Laws,” Ratio, 2011, XXIV.2:154-66.

• Gran, Brian, "The International Framework of Children’s Rights Fosters Discrimination against Young People," The Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Grover, Sonja, John Wall, and Robin Chen, "The Legal Case for Children's Right to Vote in the Univted States." International Journal of Children's Rights, 2023, 31(4):791-810.

• Hamilton, Vivian, “Democratic Inclusion, Cognitive Development, and the Age of Electoral Majority,” Brooklyn Law Review (2012) 77.4:1447-1513.

• Jakab, András, "Is Suffrage for Children the Constitutional Solution for the Sustainability Challenge Faced by Democracies?" In Iulia Motoc, Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque, Krzysztof Wojtyczek, eds., New Developments in Constitutional Law: Essays in Honor of András Sájo (Eleven International Publishing, 2018).

• Judd, Madeleine, "Why Stick to the Status Quo? An Argument for Removing the Minimum Voting Age," Faculty of Law, Victoria University of Wellington, 2020.

• Leviner, Pernilla, "Voice But No Choice: Children's Right to Participation in Sweden," in Trude Haugli, ed., Children's constitutional Rights in the Nordic Countries (Boston: Brill, 2020): 269-294.

• Ludbrook, Robert, “Should Children Have the Right to Vote?” National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Discussion Paper, 1995.

• Milne, Cheryl, "Legality of Age Restrictions on Voting: A Canadian Perspective," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Nolan, Aoife, "The Child as Democratic Citizen: Challenging the Participation Gap," Public Law (October 2010): 126-141.

• O'Meara, Ben, "Children's Most Essential Right," unpublished paper, 2001?

• Pantell, Robert and Maureen Shannon, “Improving Public Policy for Children: A Vote for Each Child,” Intergenerational Justice Review (2009) 9.4:139-143.

• Raz, Danielle Zlotnik, and Shulamit Almog,"Children's Political Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child," International Journal of Children's Rights 31.2 (2023):500–523.

• Rutherford, Jane, “One Child, One Vote: Proxies for Parents,” Minnesota Law Review (1998), Vol 82:1463-1525, p. 1495-96.

• Shorey, Holly, 2023. Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks? An Analysis of How Current Legislative and Non-Legislative Approaches Address Opportunities for Realising Children's Civic Participation Rights through the Digital Environment. A Dissertation Submitted to the Brussels School of International Studies of the Kent Law School.

• Todres, Jonathan, "Age Discrimination and the Personhood of Children and Youth," The Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Vandenhole, Wouter, "Age Discrimination Exceptionalism?" The Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Walton, Katherine, Are Children Human?, LL.M. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the LL.M. in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, Université de Genève, August 12, 2018.

• Wall, John, “Children’s Rights and Voting Age Discrimination,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, online 2022.

• Wall, John, "Adultism and Voting Age Discrimination," Harvard Human Rights Journal (2023) 36: 329-340.

• Weinstock, Daniel, ‘What’s So Funny about Voting Rights for Children?’, Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, 18 (2020), 751–772.

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Medicine

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• Modi, Neena, Lucia Rabello de Castro, Robin Chen, Anandini Dar, and John Wall, "The Health and Wellbeing Case for Children's Suffrage," The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, February 6, 2024.

• Modi, Neena, "A View from Paediatric Medicine: Competence, Best Interests, and Operational Pragmatism," in Wall, John, ed., Exploring Children's Suffrage: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ageless Voting (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).

• Modi, Neena, “Votes for a Better Future,” Arch Dis Child 2020, 105.1:13-14, p. 14.

• Modi, Neena, “A Radical Proposal: To Promote Children’s Wellbeing Give Them the Vote,” BMJ 2018:361.

 

Policy Papers and Discussions (in reverse date order)

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• Anderson, Charlotte, Letter to Special Rapporteur Ms. Mary Lawler for Front Line Defenders. November 12, 2023 (in response to Call for Input from the UN Human Rights Council, to be presented in March 2024).

• Raz, Daniella Zlotnik, "Communication 60/2018 D.C. v. Germany: Exclusion from voting on the basis of age," Leiden Children's Rights Observatory, Case Note 2020/4, 2020, discussion of suit under CRC for right to vote by 16-year-old.

• Bozoki, Andras, et al., "The Future of Democracy in Europe," Green Paper, Council of Europe, January 2004, see especially pp. 76-77.

• Nestle Family Monitor, "Young People's Attitudes Toward Politics," July 2003, see pp. 36-37 on voting ages.

• Thomas, Gillian and Gina Hocking, "Other People's Children," Demos, London, 2003, see especially pp. 14 and 79-81.

• Rosmini, Antonio (1848), La Costituzione secondo la giustizia sociale con un'appendice sull'unità d’Italia, Article 56 (p. 72), part of a proposal for the yet to be born Italian state: "The voting right is exercised by men only. It can be exercised by legitimate proxy: the father, husband, guardian and curator exercise it for non-emancipated children, for the wife, for minors, for the disqualified."

 

Popular Articles, Books, and Reports (in reverse date order)

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• Ciurria, Mich, "A Philosophical Defense of Youth Suffrage," Biopolitical Philosophy, October 6, 2023 (German original here).

• Ciurria, Mich, "„Sie werden politisch entmündigt“: Kinder nicht wählen zu lassen, ist für die Philosophin Mich Ciurria eine Form der Diskriminierung. Sie fordert ein Wahlrecht ab der Geburt," Die Tageszeitung, August 27, 2023. English translation by Mike Weimann here: "'They are politically incapacitated': Not letting children vote is a form of discrimination for philosopher Mich Ciurria. She calls for the right to vote from birth."

• Jackson Walker, "Massachusetts Democrats propose laws extending voting rights to children, non-citizens," NBC News, July 13, 2023.

• Matthew Medsger, "Non-citizens and 16 year olds voting? Maybe in Massachusetts. Lawmakers hear tesimony on bills to remove voting age, let non-citizens vote locally," Boston Herald, June 21, 2023.

• Alistair Kitchen, "Give Children the Vote," Kitchen Counter, June 18, 2023.

• Wall, John, "Why Democracies Need Children's Suffrage," The Loop, ECPR's Political Science Blog, May 2023.

• Bernstein, Jonathan, "Lower the Voting Age, Don't Raise It," Bloomberg, May 15, 2023.

• Chen, Robin Schanche, "Let Kids Vote! at 'MLK March for What We Believe In'," Represent MA Children, January 17, 2023.

• Rizzolli, Matteo, "Scuola, gli studenti che occupano dovrebbero chiedere di votare anche da minorenni" ["School, occupying students should ask to vote even as minors"], Domani, 16 novembre 2022.

• Stacey, Jamie, "Children as Young as 6 Should Vote in the Next Election"[also reposted here], A Parent is Born, November 9, 2022.

• Rizzolli, Matteo, "Suffragio universale. Se vota una persona con Alzheimer perché non può un bambino?," ["Universal suffrage. If a person with Alzheimers votes why can't a child?], Avvenire, martedì 27 settembre 2022.

• Rizzolli, Matteo, "Per rimettere i giovani al centro della politica, i minorenni devono votare" ["To put young people back at the center of politics, minors must vote"], Domani, 04 agosto 2022.

• Fina Mendoza, "Let Kids Vote," Chesapeake Press, October 2022.

• Chen, Robin, "Let's Write Universal Suffrage Songs With Children," Pass It On! The Journal of the Children 's Music Network, March 2022.

• Débat entre enfants: Pour ou contre le droit de vote pour les enfants?, Mômes par Parents, accessed February 17, 2022 (children's own perspectives on their voting rights).

• Ford, Caylan, "Canada Has a Fertility Crisis: Enfranchising Children Could Be the Solution," The Hub, December 13, 2021.

• Gaitán Muñoz, Lourdes, "Voto a los 16, ?a quién interesa?" infoLibre, 7 de diciembre de 2021], English translation here: "Vote at 16, who is interested?"

• Maloney, Ryan, "Young Canadians launch court challenge to lower federal voting age from 18," CBS News, December 1, 2021.

• Casey, Liam, "Young Canadians File Suit against Federal Government over Minimum Voting Age," The Canadian Press, December 1, 2021.

• David Asper, "Young Canadians File Court Challenge to Lower Federal Voting Age – Calling it Unconstitutional," Center for Constitutional Rights, University of Toronto, December 1, 2021.

• Runciman, David, "Votes for Children! Why We Should Lower the Voting Age to Six," The Guardian, November 16, 2021.

• Holtermann, Callie, "Should there Be a Minimum Voting Age?" New York Times, November 2, 2021.

• Simon Keller, "Let the Children Vote," IdeasRoom, October 12, 2021.

• Stone, Lyman, "The Minimum Voting Age Should be Zero," New York Times, September 1, 2021 (full text here).

• Fletcher, Adam, “My Call to End the Voting Age,” adamflectcher.net. November 9, 2021.

• Piper, Kelsey, "Young People Have a Stake in Our Future. Let Them Vote." Vox, October 21, 2020.

• Kiesewetter, Benjamin, "Es geht darum, jedem Menschen eine Stimme zu geben," SRF1, Sternstunde Philosophie, June 20, 2020.

• Hobson, Tom, "Let's Talk About Giving Children the Right to Vote," Teachers on Fire Magazine, April 9, 2020.

• Mackenzie, Polly, "What If We Gave Children a Vote?" Unherd, November 12, 2019.

• Walton, Katherine, “Votes for Children: The Case for Universal Suffrage,” Amnesty International UK, October 6, 2019.

• Hobson, Tom, "Should Children Have the Right to Vote?" blog by Teacher Tom, June 10, 2019.

• Brando, Nicolás, "Why Children Should Have the Right to Vote," Justice Everywhere, April 15, 2019.

• Peebles, Graham, “Give Children the Vote, Strengthen Democracy,” Counterpunch, January 2019.

• Olsson, Stefan, "Voting Rights for Everyone" [in Swedish], blog.

• Runciman, David, "Democracy for Young People," Talking Politics,  blog, 5 Dec 2018.

• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), "Children's Right to Vote," April 24, 2018.

• Douthat, Ross, "Power to the Parents," New York Times, March 3, 2018.

• Boseley, Sarah, "Top Paediatrician [Neena Modi] Says It's Time to Give Parents Extra Votes for the Children," The Guardian, January 23, 2018.

• Zlotnik, Daniella, "The Future of Adolescents' Right to Vote and Political Participation," leidenlawblog, blog, July 3, 2017.

• Jonathan Bernstein, "Should We Let Children Vote?" WNYC radio interview, October 30, 2016.

• Pevsner, Laurence, "Let Children Vote. Even 13-Year-Olds," Washington Post, October 27, 2016.

• Rollo, Toby, "Separate but Equal: False Equality and the Political Exclusion of Children," Canadian Dimension, May 15, 2016.

• Wiland, Eric, “One citizen, One Vote," What’s Wrong? Colorado University Boulder Center for Values and social Policy bog, August 12, 2015.

• Yglesias, Matthew, “The Case for Letting Children Vote,” Vox.com, Nov. 2015.

• Fletcher, Adam, "The Practice of Youth Engagement," CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2014).

• Chrystia Freeland, "Giving the Young a Bigger Say," New York Times, March 7, 2013.

• Bayer, Alexei, "The US Economy is Stuck in the Past," Research Magazine, November 25, 2013.

• Corak, Miles, “Citizenship as a Privilege or as a Right: Should Children be Given the Vote,” TED Talk, May 31, 2013.

• "Allow Kids to Vote: Some Adults in Germany Think It Would Be the Right Thing to Do," Washington Post, January 10, 2013.

• "Minister: 'Give Children the Vote'," The Local, January 4, 2013.

• Gans, Joshua, “Why It Is Time to Give Children the Right to Vote,” Forbes, April 20, 2012.
• M, Katrina, "Who Gets the Vote?" Sure, Why Not? July 7, 2011.
• Crippes, Nate, "What If the Right to Vote Started at Birth?" FairVote, June 16, 2011.

• Bernstein, Jonathan, “The Case for Lowering the Voting Age ... to Zero,” New Republic, May 30, 2011.

• Phillips, Leigh, “Hungarian Mothers May Get Extra Votes for their Children in Elections,” The Guardian, Sunday 17 April, 2011.

• Aoki, Reiko, "Should Parents Vote for Kids?" The Diplomat, January 15, 2011.

• Peterson, Paul, "To Repeat Myself, Kids Should Have the Right to Vote," Education Next, January 6, 2011.

• Children's Rights International Network (CRIN), “Right to Vote,”, July 6, 2010.

• Conrad, Stefanie, “Children as Active Citizens: Addressing Discrimination against Children’s Engagement in Political and Civil Society Processes,” Plan International, 2009.

• Association of Children's Suffrage, "The Voting Age Should Be Eliminated," in Ronnie D. Lankford, ed., Should the Voting Age Be Lowered?  (New York: Greenhaven Press, 2008), pp. 26-30.

• Aber, J. Lawrence, "A Big, New Investment in America's Poorest Children: Conditional Cash Transfers,"Big Ideas for Children: Investing In Our Children’s Future, First Focus: Washington D.C., 2008. Pp 192-202.

• Köhler, Lennart, “Voting Rights for Children,” Dagens Medicin, Nov. 12, 2008.

• De Quetteville, Harry, ‘Germany plans to give vote to babies,’ Daily Telegraph, 9 July, 2008.

• Yglesias, Matthew, "Abolish the Voting Age," The Atlantic, May 10, 2008.

• Appearance, Cameo, "Give Kids the Vote," The American Scene: An Ongoing Review of Culture and Politics, May 10, 2008.

• Campiglio, Luigi, "Elezioni, delega alle madri per dare voce ai più piccoli," Corriere Della Sera, Mar 10/03/2004, p. 21.

• Sridhar, Lalitha, "Bal Sansads: Members of Parliament at 11," Infochange: news and analysis of social justice and development issues in India (May 2004).

• Nick Amies, "Germany Ponders 'Family Vote'," DW [Deutsche Welle], September 4, 2003.

• Koroknay-Palicz, Alex, “Youth Demand a Voice and a Vote,” Wiretap Magazine (May 27, 2003).

• BBC News, "Should Parents Get More than One Vote?" February 10, 2003.

• Thomas, Gillian, "A Vote at Birth," The Guardian, 6 February 2003.

• BBC News, "Give Babies a Vote, Says Think Tank," February 6, 2003.

• Weimann, Mike, "Wahlrecht für Kinder: Eine Streitschrift," (purchase from publisher, or Amazom Germany or Amazon US) 2002 [English translation forthcoming in 2023 - stay tuned].

• Villafranca, Armando, "Lawmaker Supports Lowering Voting Age to 14," Houston Chronicle, Feb. 15, 2001.

• Lindsey, Duncan, "Why Children Should Have the Vote," January 28, 1998.

• Silverman, Julia, "Fotenos '99 Pursues Child Suffrage," The Brown Daily Herald, September 23, 1997.

• Bayer, Alexei, "Let's Give Parents and Extra Right to Vote," The New York Times, May 4, 1997

• Ringen, Stein, “In a Democracy, Children Should Get the Vote,” The New York Times, Dec 14, 1996.

• Wallace, Vita, “Give Children the Vote,” The Nation, October 14, 1991.

• Carballo, Manuel, "Extra Votes for Parents?" Boston Globe, December 17, 1981.

• Anonymous, "Woman's Suffrage Hits Snag in France: Provision for Men to Vote for Their Minor Children Is Opposed," The New York Times, December 14, 1923.